Risk taking and testing of limits by teenagers is part of the process of achieving independence and self-identity. Adolescents learn to assimilate all the information and guidance obtained from their parents, peers and other trusted adults, and then ultimately determine their own system of values and beliefs which guide their behaviour.
Some risky behaviours
Sexual behaviour - We know that the younger the age of sexual debut, the less likely a teen is to use contraception; multiple sexual partners increases risk of teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS.
Substance use and abuse - Between 10 and 15 per cent of 10-14-year-olds report being drunk at least once; cigarettes are universally available in Jamaica; marijuana, cocaine and other illicit drugs. About one in 20 post-primary school Jamaican students have tried at least one illicit drug, including marijuana and cocaine.
Motor vehicle accidents - Seat belt usage, driving under the influence of alcohol and night-time driving.
Violence - 12 to 20 year-olds accounted for just under 25 per cent of all persons arrested for serious crimes in 2006.
Juvenile delinquency - About 25 per cent of students drop out by grade 11.
Some reassuring facts
Teens in positive relationships with parents are less likely to engage in risky behaviour.
Girls whose mothers clearly express strong disapproval of them having sex are less likely to engage in early sexual intercourse.
The less unsupervised time a teenager has, the less likely he or she to get involved in risky lifestyle behaviours.
Tips for parents and guardians
Know your adolescents' whereabouts after school.
Know who their friends are and what activities they are involved in.
Limit your teen's unsupervised hours.
Get them involved in after-school activities.
Talk openly to your children about sex. Let them know what your expectations are and encourage them to delay the onset of sexual activity.
Try to have a family night at least once per week,
Sometimes there will have to be compromise on both sides, but if you approach your teen with respect when discussing issues, he or she will learn to respect your decisions ... eventually.
Dr Abigail Harrison is a paediatrician and member of the Paediatric Association of Jamaica; email: yourhealth@gleanerjm.com.